Horizontal Stretch Passing
The zone defense is the most common pass coverage used today in the NFL. It works by having the defenders cover a specific area instead of a specific man. Typically, this leads to better results, because if one defender gets beat, the receiver will soon move into another defenders area and will be covered. This can be exploited by the offense, by moving two or more receivers into a single defender’s zone, ensuring one receiver will be uncovered. The horizontal stretch, as the name implies, accomplishes this by designing routes to move the defense laterally. A common example is the slant/flat routes or the ‘all curls’ route.
Quarterback:
Any horizontal stretch play can be run from any formation and any depth of drop. The quarterback will typically key on one area of the defense; in a horizontal stretch, this is typically done in quarters. The play is usually designed to attack either the deep half or shallow half of the field. Pre-snap, the QB will attempt to diagnose the defensive coverage and predict what side of the field will be more effective for the play. A horizontal stretch play can be read either outside-in or inside-out; it will depend on the play call, as well as what the QB reads in the defense. If he doesn’t find an open receiver he will either throw it away or check down to the RB. Look at this example of a 4 verticals play:
In this play, the defense is in a cover 3, meaning there are 3 players assinged to cover the deep sections of the field. The Giants have 4 receivers running deep routes
http://imgur.com/5Qq6Gb8
meaning one will be left uncovered, shown here in green:
http://imgur.com/Du5rS9a
Here is the play in slow motion:
Wide Receiver:
In a stretch concept, the WRs goal is not to get separation, but to find the holes and seams within the zone. Beating one defender is less important when there is another defender ready to take over. With this in mind it is important for the receiver to be able to identify the coverage as well. For example, in a cover 2, the middle deep area of the field is usually vulnerable. In a cover 3 or 4, the flats and shallow sideline areas are vulnerable. Once they find a hole in the zone, a receiver will generally stay in the hole and not move far or fast from it. In this play,
The receiver to the near side runs a short in route, while the RB runs a swing route, shown in green. To the opposite side the receivers both run out routes.
http://imgur.com/4glNFez
The defense is in a cover 4, meaning both safeties and both cornerbacks have responsibility for the deep sections of the field. The OLBs have responsibility for the flats, shown here:
http://imgur.com/1hmE1xw
When the play starts, the CB drops into his deep zone, and the OLB must decide to cover either the in route or the swing route, shown here:
http://imgur.com/DfJoI3C
The green zones are the possible open areas, depending on the OLB’s (in blue) decision. The OLB moves out to cover the flat, leaving the middle of the field open for the in route shown here:
http://imgur.com/LWb9Rm4
Watch the play in slow motion,
Notice how the receiver slows and takes shuffle steps once he passes the defender into the open space.
Running Back:
The running back has to read the defensive front and identify any blitzes. The RB is usually responsible for supplementing the pass blocking initially. The goal is usually to have one more blocker than pass rushers. If the RB identifies a 5 man rush, he will stay in and block. If he identifies 4 or less, he will release into the field as an outlet for the QB.
Things to Note:
- It is nearly impossible to know what the QBs read actually is, and if he made a mistake or not. If, for example, the read is to the right and outside-in, its possible for a receiver on the far left to be wide open, but be missed due to the QBs progressions.
- This concept is very common in west coast offenses, especially with quick routes.
- Easy ways to identify a horizontal stretch concept include seeing all the receivers run similar routes at a similar depth, and seeing a bunch formation immediately spread left and right instead of straight down the field.
Discussion Questions:
- Would this kind of read benefit from the QB ‘looking off’ the safety?
- Why is the In/Swing route combo classified as a Horizontal stretch when they are run at very different depths?
- Does this concept lend itself to a certain kind of receiver?
- Is this a kind of play where you would want ‘mismatches’ between the receivers and defenders?
- Does this concept work better on short or long routes?
